Syntax: LESS uses standard CSS syntax with .less extension. The main difference between Sass and SCSS is that the latter uses semicolons and brackets in the same way CSS does. CSS preprocessors address this issue via extending CSS syntax's functionality and adding a plethora of useful features like variables and mixins. A CSS preprocessor is a program that lets you generate CSS from the preprocessor's own unique syntax. Compile the SCSS code into CSS code using the command sass input.scss output.css. Just move to the point with them you'll never need them again after a while. For this example, we'll setup and use Sass (Syntactically Awesome Style Sheets) , a preprocessor that is used to build CSS frameworks like Foundation 6 and Bootstrap 4 . While SCSS is now officially the main syntax of the Sass CSS preprocessor, there are no plans to ever deprecate the original version. Everytime you save your work, the CSS will be updated, which is very handy. This makes the CSS more efficient and concise, powerful and dynamic. But as a beginning developer/designer frameworks like Bootstrap, Bulma and Tailwind are great for getting the hang of how to structure CSS. Scenario 1 An informational website is to be developed really quickly and without any unique features. A CSS preprocessor helps you write maintainable, future-proof code and it will seriously reduce the amount of CSS you have to write Example for CSS pre-processors - Sass Let me explain examples for both, Basically both are css pre-processors, as in they allow you to write style information that later compiles to css. Frameworks, like bootstrap, on the other hand are more like pre-made style sheets that can be used to save development time. It . CSS preprocessors extend the functionality of regular CSS. There are many CSS preprocessors to choose from, however most CSS preprocessors will add some features that don't exist in pure CSS, such as mixin, nesting selector, inheritance selector, and so on. Then type compass watch, and Compass will compile your SCSS files to CSS. To install a Sass or a LESS transcompiler you will . The straight forward answer will be to use a Framework. CSS frameworks provide more than just time savings. First, we install PostCSS and the plugins we need using npm, e.g. CSS preprocessors bring real language features to CSS such as variables and mixins (functions) which result in clean, extensible and reusable CSS code. I will give sample scenarios and tick the appropriate metric for each scenario. If you don't have a code editor or an IDE installed, I recommend you use VS Code click on the link to download and install it. A CSS framework is essentially a pre-built page layout grid system. A CSS preprocessor is a scripting language built on top of CSS that adds scripting functionality and gets compiled into regular CSS. Include the compiled CSS file in the Html file. Each CSS preprocessor has its own syntax that they compile into regular CSS so that browsers can render it on the client side. Sass, on the other hand, does not - plus, it uses an equals sign instead of a colon for assignment. Variables are one of the major reasons CSS preprocessors exist at all. CSS preprocessors - the advantages (benefits) Probably we should think about this on two levels: Tiki core CSS (use by Tiki code contributors for basic layout, feature functionality, default design, etc.) SASS, LESS and Stylus are the well known ones. CSS Frameworks reduce lines of code while applying CSS Styles. CSS framework is a set of prepared and ready-to-use CSS stylesheets. So what are the advantages of using either Sass or Less? They have their own syntax which is very similar to CSS but also gives you additional power . Preprocessors in general are programs that take one type of data as an input and give out another type of data as output. That is typically the primary purpose. LESS. CSS preprocessors are extensions to vanilla CSS that provide some extra functionality such as nesting, mixins, and variables. Pre-processors extend CSS with variables, operators, interpolations, functions, mixins and many more other usable assets. The ability to set a variable for something like a color, use that variable throughout the CSS you write, and know that it will be consistent, DRY, and easy to change is useful. They then use that to create a CSS file, which can then be referenced by the main HTML document. npm install gulp-postcss postcss-mixins postcss-simple-vars postcss-nested autoprefixer-core --save-dev. Setting up a project with the four main CSS Preprocessors: Sass/SCSS, PostCSS, Less and Stylus can give us a great insight into the CSS Preprocessors and see them in action and judge for ourselves . Use a preprocessor to build your own kit, CSS isn't black magic anymore and it supports everything you need for it nowadays. Frameworks deliver standards to teams with multiple developers, especially larger ones. By the time this article is published, SASS is at version 3.3.5, LESS is at version 1.7.0 and Stylus is at version 0.43.1 Why Pre-Processing CSS? CSS is primitive and incomplete. A CSS Preprocessor is a tool used to extend the basic functionality of default vanilla CSS through its own scripting language. Tailwind CSS. Grid arrangements like Blueprint can be incorporated into some CSS preprocessers (Sass/Compass). Write the SCSS code. However, we can also compile LESS on the fly by adding .less files and the LESS converter to our HTML page's <head> section. There are also other popular third party frameworks you can use along with the preprocessors such as Compass and Bourbon. They add more logical syntax and tools like variables, if/else statements, and loops. Scenario 2 A very large website is to be created with many pages that having the same design theme. CSS Preprocessors compile the code which is written using a special compiler. When using any CSS Preprocessor, you will be able to program in normal CSS just as you would if the preprocessor were not in place. The LESS CSS preprocessor is a JavaScript library that extends the default functionalities of CSS. More advanced CSS is written that extends the basic functionalities. Here's how you actually make the CSS files. Using a CSS preprocessor, a developer is able to write out more complex style and layout. Overall, CSS preprocessors provide way more advantages than disadvantages and are a great way to extend CSS, as well as make the life of a developer easier. Tailwind CSS is a relatively new frontend framework, initially released on November 1st, 2017, with its first version created by Adam Wathan and Steve Schoger. There's also some helpful frameworks around for Sass like Compass and Bourbon. You can store things like colors, fonts, or pretty much any value you want to reuse later. See examples below. But there are also some important differences that should be made . Less is short for Leaner Style Sheets. Examples for CSS Framework - Bootstrap4,Material UI and Tailwind CSS. We need Node.js to install and run the LESS compiler. . End users also benefit from more features that they can get and use right now, instead of waiting for something new to come out. CSS preprocessors make it easy to automate repetitive tasks, reduce the number of errors and code bloat, create reusable code snippets, and ensure backward compatibility. A few examples: preprocessors allow you to write loops, join multiple stylesheets, and nest classes. Variables With preprocessors, you have the advantage over traditional CSS because you can use variables. When you run the processor, it takes your code and turns it into vanilla CSS that you can import into your project. It's a pre processor because CSS is static. The library has since gained a lot of attention and has even been adopted by big companies, including Algolia and Mozilla. After deciding with your partner which preprocessor fits you the best, these are the steps you will have to follow to implement the preprocessor in your workflow. Cleaner code thanks to variables and nesting. Easier maintenance thanks to specialized libraries. Open up your command prompt or terminal window and change to the directory your Compass project is in. then create an array of . The first filename (input.scss) is the scss file that is to be compiled and the second file name (output.css) is the processed CSS file, to be included/attached in the Html document. They're designed for typical tasks like putting up navbars and are frequently enhanced with other technologies like SASS and JavaScript. You can use native CSS variables ("CSS Custom Properties") for the same reasons. It helps us to use complex logical syntax like - variables, functions, mixins, code nesting, and inheritance to name a few, supercharging your vanilla CSS. Programming language logic. To accomplish this goal, CSS preprocessors add syntax that is not within CSS itself. The browser demands a flat file, so all of that has to happen before the CSS file is published, hence the preprocessor. The source code can be shorter and more readable.